Pro-étale cohomology

5.4. Comparison with étale cohomology🔗

Let X be a scheme. Since an étale map is also weakly étale by Lemma 5.2.3 we may define:

Definition5.4.1
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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Lemma 5.2.3
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Lemma 5.4.2
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We denote by \nu = \nu_X the morphism of sites \proet{X} \to \et{X} induced by the functor from \et{X} to \proet{X} given by (U \to X) \mapsto (U \to X).

Lean code for Definition5.4.11 definition
  • defdefined in Definitions.lean
    complete
    def AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.toProEtale.{u} (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      CategoryTheory.Functor S.Etale S.ProEt
    def AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.toProEtale.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      CategoryTheory.Functor S.Etale S.ProEt
    The inclusion of the étale site into the pro-étale site. 
Lemma5.4.2
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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The morphism of sites \nu is continuous.

Lean code for Lemma5.4.21 theorem
  • theoremdefined in Definitions.lean
    complete
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.isContinuous_toProEtale.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      S.toProEtale.IsContinuous S.smallEtaleTopology
        (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.topology S)
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.isContinuous_toProEtale.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      S.toProEtale.IsContinuous
        S.smallEtaleTopology
        (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.topology
          S)
    The inclusion of the étale site into the pro-étale site is continuous. 
Proof for Lemma 5.4.2

This follows from the definitions, because every étale covering is a quasi-compact covering by Lemma 5.3.2.

We denote by \nu_{p}\colon \preshv{\proet{X}} \to \preshv{\et{X}} and \nu^{p}\colon \preshv{\et{X}} \to \preshv{\proet{X}} the pushforward and pullback functors on the level of presheaves.

Lemma5.4.3
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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Let F be a presheaf on \et{X}. Then (\nu^p F)|_{\affproet{X}} preserves filtered colimits.

Lean code for Lemma5.4.31 theorem, incomplete
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Topology/Comparison/Affine.lean
    contains sorry
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.preservesFilteredColimitsOfSize_lan_toProEtale.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme)
      (F : CategoryTheory.Functor S.Etaleᵒᵖ Ab) :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesFilteredColimitsOfSize.{u, u, u, u + 1,
          u + 1, u + 2}
        ((AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.toProEt S).op.comp
          (S.toProEtale.op.lan.obj F))
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.preservesFilteredColimitsOfSize_lan_toProEtale.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme)
      (F :
        CategoryTheory.Functor S.Etaleᵒᵖ Ab) :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesFilteredColimitsOfSize.{u,
          u, u, u + 1, u + 1, u + 2}
        ((AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.toProEt
                S).op.comp
          (S.toProEtale.op.lan.obj F))
Proof for Lemma 5.4.3
uses 0

Let U = \lim_{\lambda} U_{\lambda} be a cofiltered limit. By definition of \affproet{X} and because pro-pro-étale is pro-étale, we may assume that the U_{\lambda} are étale over X. Then (\nu^p F)|_{\affproet{X}}(\lim U_{\lambda}) = \colim_{\mu} F(V_{\mu}), where the V_{\mu} run over factorisations U = \lim U_{\lambda} \to V_{\mu} \to X where V_{\mu} \to X is étale. Since the U_{\lambda} are locally of finite presentation over X, they are finitely presented in the categorical sense. Hence, for every such factorisation there exists a \lambda such that U = \lim U_{\lambda} \to V_{\mu} factors via U_{\lambda}. This shows that the U_{\lambda} lie cofinal in all V_{\mu}, so we obtain \colim_{\mu} F(V_{\mu}) = \colim_{\lambda} F(U_{\lambda}) = \colim_{\lambda} (\nu^p F)|_{\affproet{X}}(U_{\lambda}).

Lemma5.4.4
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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The topology on \affproet{X} is generated by relatively pro-representable one-hypercovers with respect to the inclusion \affet{X} \to \affproet{X}.

Proof for Lemma 5.4.4

The topology on \affproet{X} is generated by surjections V \to U in \affproet{X} and finite standard Zariski coverings. Both of these can be relatively pro-represented by Proposition 4.2 (see also Lemma 4.3).

Further denote by \nu_{*} \colon \shv{\proet{X}} \to \shv{\et{X}} and \nu^* \colon \shv{\et{X}} \to \shv{\proet{X}} the corresponding pushforward and pullback functors. Since \nu^* is exact, we have R \nu^* = \nu^* by abuse of notation and we simply write \nu^* everywhere. In contrast to Bhatt–Scholze, we write R \nu_{*} for the derived functor of \nu_{*}.

Proposition5.4.5
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Let F be a sheaf on \et{X}. Then (\nu^p F)|_{\affproet{X}} is a sheaf. In particular, (\nu^*F)|_{\affproet{X}} \cong (\nu^p F)|_{\affproet{X}}.

Lean code for Proposition5.4.52 declarations
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Topology/Comparison/Affine.lean
    complete
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.isSheaf_lan_toProEtale.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme)
      (F : CategoryTheory.Functor S.Etaleᵒᵖ Ab)
      (hF : CategoryTheory.Presheaf.IsSheaf S.smallEtaleTopology F) :
      CategoryTheory.Presheaf.IsSheaf
        (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.topology S)
        ((AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.toProEt S).op.comp
          (S.toProEtale.op.lan.obj F))
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.isSheaf_lan_toProEtale.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme)
      (F :
        CategoryTheory.Functor S.Etaleᵒᵖ Ab)
      (hF :
        CategoryTheory.Presheaf.IsSheaf
          S.smallEtaleTopology F) :
      CategoryTheory.Presheaf.IsSheaf
        (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.topology
          S)
        ((AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.toProEt
                S).op.comp
          (S.toProEtale.op.lan.obj F))
    If `F` is a sheaf on the small étale site, the presheaf pullback of `F`
    to the small pro-étale site (i.e., the left Kan extension) is a
    sheaf when restricted to the small affine pro-étale site. 
  • defdefined in Proetale/Topology/Comparison/Affine.lean
    complete
    def AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafPullbackCompIso.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafPullback S Ab).comp
          (((AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.toProEt
                    S).sheafPushforwardContinuous
                Ab (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.topology S)
                (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.topology S)).comp
            (CategoryTheory.sheafToPresheaf
              (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.topology S) Ab)) 
        (CategoryTheory.sheafToPresheaf S.smallEtaleTopology Ab).comp
          (S.toProEtale.op.lan.comp
            ((CategoryTheory.Functor.whiskeringLeft S.AffineProEtᵒᵖ
                  S.ProEtᵒᵖ Ab).obj
              (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.toProEt S).op))
    def AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafPullbackCompIso.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafPullback
              S Ab).comp
          (((AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.toProEt
                    S).sheafPushforwardContinuous
                Ab
                (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.topology
                  S)
                (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.topology
                  S)).comp
            (CategoryTheory.sheafToPresheaf
              (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.topology
                S)
              Ab)) 
        (CategoryTheory.sheafToPresheaf
              S.smallEtaleTopology Ab).comp
          (S.toProEtale.op.lan.comp
            ((CategoryTheory.Functor.whiskeringLeft
                  S.AffineProEtᵒᵖ S.ProEtᵒᵖ
                  Ab).obj
              (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.AffineProEt.toProEt
                  S).op))
    The pullback of an étale sheaf `F` to the pro-étale site is isomorphic to the presheaf-pullback
    of `F` (i.e., left Kan extension) after restricting to the affine pro-étale site. 
Proof for Proposition 5.4.5

By Lemma 5.4.4 and Lemma 5.4.3, this follows from Proposition 4.2.3. Hence we have the following chain of isomorphisms (\nu^*F)|_{\affproet{X}} \cong (\nu^pF)^{\#}|_{\affproet{X}} \cong ((\nu^pF)|_{\affproet{X}})^{\#} \cong (\nu^pF)|_{\affproet{X}}. The second isomorphism is Corollary 5.3.1.6 and the last is the first part of this proposition.

Corollary5.4.6
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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Definition 5.3.1.1
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Corollary 5.4.7
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Let F be a sheaf on \et{X} and U = \lim_i U_i in \affproet{X}. Then \nu^*F(U) = \colim_i F(U_i). (Bhatt–Scholze, Lemma 5.1.1)

Proof for Corollary 5.4.6

By Proposition 5.4.5 we have (\nu^*F)|_{\affproet{X}} \cong (\nu^p F)|_{\affproet{X}}. The claim now follows from Lemma 5.4.3.

Corollary5.4.7
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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For any F \in \shv{\et{X}}, the unit F \to \nu_{*} \nu^{*} F is an isomorphism.

Lean code for Corollary5.4.71 theorem
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Topology/Comparison/Affine.lean
    complete
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.isIso_unit_sheafAdjunction.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      CategoryTheory.IsIso
        (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafAdjunction S Ab).unit
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.isIso_unit_sheafAdjunction.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      CategoryTheory.IsIso
        (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafAdjunction
            S Ab).unit
Proof for Corollary 5.4.7
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By Lemma 5.1.1, we may check this on any affine U étale over X. Since U = \lim U, the formula of Corollary 5.4.6 shows the desired isomorphism.

Corollary5.4.8
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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\nu^* is fully faithful. (Bhatt–Scholze, Lemma 5.1.2, fully faithful part)

Lean code for Corollary5.4.82 theorems
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Topology/Comparison/Affine.lean
    complete
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.faithful_sheafPullback.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafPullback S Ab).Faithful
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.faithful_sheafPullback.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafPullback
          S Ab).Faithful
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Topology/Comparison/Affine.lean
    complete
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.full_sheafPullback.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafPullback S Ab).Full
    theorem AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.full_sheafPullback.{u}
      (S : AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme) :
      (AlgebraicGeometry.Scheme.ProEt.sheafPullback
          S Ab).Full
Proof for Corollary 5.4.8

Follows formally from Corollary 5.4.7.

Definition5.4.9
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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A sheaf F in \shv{\proet{X}} is called classical if it lies in the essential image of \nu^{*}.

We can recognize the classical sheaves among all pro-étale sheaves by checking if they preserve affine filtered colimits:

Corollary5.4.10
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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A sheaf F in \shv{\proet{X}} is classical if and only if for any U \in \affproet{X} with presentation U = \lim U_i, it holds that F(U) = \colim F(U_i). (Bhatt–Scholze, Lemma 5.1.2, essential image part)

Proof for Corollary 5.4.10
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The only if part follows directly from Corollary 5.4.6. Conversely, let F be in \shv{\proet{X}} and suppose F satisfies the formula in the statement. Then \nu^* \nu_{*} F \to F is an isomorphism. Indeed, by Corollary 5.3.1.5, it suffices to check this after restricting to \affproet{X}. Let U = \lim U_i be in \affproet{X}. Then again by Corollary 5.4.6 \nu^* \nu_{*} F (U) = \colim \nu_{*} F(U_i) = \colim F(U_i) = F(U).

Lemma5.4.11
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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Let K be in D^+(\et{X}) and U = \lim_i U_i in \affproet{X}. Then R \Gamma(U, \nu^*K) = \colim_i R\Gamma(U_i, K). (Bhatt–Scholze, Lemma 5.1.6)

Proof for Lemma 5.4.11

TBA.

Proposition5.4.12
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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For any K in D^{+}(\et{X}) the unit K \to R \nu_{*} \nu^* K is an isomorphism. (Bhatt–Scholze, Corollary 5.1.6)

Proof for Proposition 5.4.12
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TBA.

Corollary5.4.13
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Lemma 5.1.1
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Let K be in D^{+}(\et{X}). Then R \Gamma(\et{X}, K) \cong R \Gamma(\proet{X}, \nu^{*} K).

Proof for Corollary 5.4.13

By Proposition 5.4.12, we have R \Gamma(\et{X}, K) \cong R \Gamma(\et{X}, R \nu_{*}\nu^*K). Since \nu_* maps injective sheaves to acyclic ones by general theory, we have R \Gamma(\et{X}, -) \circ R\nu_{*} = R (\Gamma(\et{X}, -) \circ \nu_*) = R \Gamma(\proet{X}, -). So the claim follows.

Definition5.4.14
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Denote by \gammacont(X, -)\colon \mathrm{Ab}(\et{X})^{\N} \to \mathrm{Ab} the functor \left( F_n \right)_{n \in \N} \mapsto \Gamma\left(X, \lim F_n\right). For an inverse system (F_n)_{n \in \N}, we call the cohomology groups H^i \mathrm{R} \gammacont\left(X, -\right)\left( \left( F_{n} \right)_{n \in \N} \right), denoted by H^i_{\mathrm{cont}}(\et{X}, (F_{n})_{n \in \N}), the continuous étale cohomology of X with coefficients in \left( F_n \right)_{n \in \N}. (Jannsen, §3)

Theorem5.4.15
Group: The pro-étale site of a scheme and its basic properties, including the comparison with étale cohomology, following Sections 4 and 5 of Bhatt–Scholze. (36)
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Let (F_n)_{n \in \N} be an inverse system of abelian sheaves on \et{X} with epimorphic transition maps. Then there exists a canonical identification R \gammacont(X, (F_n)_n) \cong R \Gamma(\proet{X}, \lim \nu^* F_n). In particular, for every i \ge 0 we have H^i_{\mathrm{cont}}(\et{X}, (F_n)_n) \cong H^i(\proet{X}, \lim \nu^* F_n). (Bhatt–Scholze, Proposition 5.6.2)

Proof for Theorem 5.4.15
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We repeatedly use the fact that \Gamma commutes with inverse limits both on \et{X} and \proet{X}. Then we have \begin{aligned} R \gammacont(X, (F_n)_n) &\cong R \left( \Gamma(\et{X}, -) \circ \lim \right) ( (F_n)_n ) \\ &\cong R \left( \lim \circ \Gamma(\et{X}, -) \right) ( (F_n)_n ) \\ &\cong R \lim ( R \Gamma(\et{X}, F_n)) \\ &\cong R \lim ( R \Gamma(\proet{X}, \nu^{*} F_n)) \\ &\cong R \left( \lim \circ \Gamma(\proet{X}, -) \right) ( (\nu^* F_n)_n ) \\ &\cong R \left( \Gamma(\proet{X}, -) \circ \lim \right) ( (\nu^* F_n)_n ) \\ &\cong R \Gamma(\proet{X}, R \lim \nu^* F_n) \\ &\cong R \Gamma(\proet{X}, \lim \nu^* F_n) \end{aligned} The fourth isomorphism is Corollary 5.4.13 and the last is Proposition 3.4.