Pro-étale cohomology

1.7. w-strictly-local rings🔗

Definition1.7.1
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.3.3
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A ring A is w-strictly local if A is w-local, and every local ring of A at a maximal ideal is strictly henselian. (Bhatt–Scholze, Definition 2.2.1(ii))

Lean code for Definition1.7.11 definition
  • class(extends 1, 2 methods)defined in Proetale/Algebra/WLocal.lean
    complete
    class IsWStrictlyLocalRing.{u_3} (R : Type u_3) [CommRing R] : Prop
    class IsWStrictlyLocalRing.{u_3} (R : Type u_3)
      [CommRing R] : Prop
    A w-strictly-local ring is a w-local ring whose stalks at maximal ideals are strictly Henselian
    local rings. 

    Extends

    • IsWLocalRing R

    Methods

    wLocalSpace_primeSepectrum : WLocalSpace (PrimeSpectrum R)
    Inherited from
    1. IsWLocalRing
    isStrictlyHenselianLocalRing_localization :  (m : Ideal R) [inst : m.IsMaximal], IsStrictlyHenselianLocalRing (Localization.AtPrime m)

The goal of this section is to show that every ring A admits a faithfully flat, ind-étale algebra B that is w-strictly-local.

Lemma1.7.2
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.29
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Let A be a strictly henselian local ring. Let A \to B be an ind-étale ring map. Let \n be a maximal ideal of B lying over the maximal ideal \m of A. Then the map A \to B_\n is an isomorphism.

Proof for Lemma 1.7.2

Write B = \colim_i B_i as a filtered colimit of étale A-algebras B_i. Since localization commutes with colimits, we have B_\n = \colim_i (B_i)_{\n_i} where \n_i is the restriction of \n to B_i. Then use Proposition 1.3.6 to conclude each (B_i)_{\n_i} is isomorphic to A.

Lemma1.7.3
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Let A be a ring such that every faithfully flat étale ring map A \to B has a retraction. Then every local ring of A at a maximal ideal is strictly henselian.

Proof for Lemma 1.7.3
uses 0

Let \mathfrak{m} be a maximal ideal of A, denote by \kappa the residue field \kappa(\mathfrak{m}) and by \kappa^{\mathrm{sep}} a separable closure of \kappa. Let A_{\mathfrak{m}} \to B \to \kappa^{\mathrm{sep}} be a factorisation of A_{\mathfrak{m}} \to \kappa^{\mathrm{sep}} where A_{\mathfrak{m}} \to B is étale. Since A_{\mathfrak{m}} = \colim_{f \not\in \mathfrak{m}} A_f, by Lemma 1.1.37 there exists f \not\in \mathfrak{m} and an étale A_f-algebra B' such that B = A_{\mathfrak{m}} \otimes_{A_f} B'. Because A \to A_f \to B' is étale, there are finitely many prime ideals \mathfrak{q}_1, \ldots, \mathfrak{q}_n of B' lying over \mathfrak{m}. Since the kernel of the composition B' \to B \to \kappa^{\mathrm{sep}} lies over \mathfrak{m} (the kernel of A \to \kappa^{\mathrm{sep}} is \mathfrak{m}), we have n \ge 1. Set \mathfrak{q} = \mathfrak{q}_1. By prime avoidance, there exists g \in B' such that g \in \mathfrak{q}_i for all i \ge 2 and g \not\in \mathfrak{q}. Hence \mathfrak{q} is the unique prime ideal of B'_g lying over \mathfrak{m}.

Let U be the image of the induced map \spec{B'_g} \to \spec{A}. Since A \to B' is étale, U is open. Since \{\mathfrak{m}\} is closed in \spec{A}, there exist a_i such that \spec{A} - \{\mathfrak{m}\} = \bigcup_{i} D(a_i). The complement of U is closed and quasicompact, and contained in \spec{A} - \{\mathfrak{m}\}, hence there exist a_1, \ldots, a_r such that \spec{A} = U \cup \bigcup_{i=1}^r D(a_i). Hence the map A \to B'_g \times \prod_{i=1}^{r} A_{a_i} is étale and faithfully flat. By assumption, it therefore has a retraction \sigma. Since \mathfrak{q} is the unique prime ideal of B'_g \times \prod_{i=1}^{r} A_{a_i} lying over \mathfrak{m}, we have \sigma^{-1}(\mathfrak{m}) = \mathfrak{q}. In particular, we obtain a retraction B'_{\mathfrak{q}} = \left(B'_g \times \prod_{i=1}^{r} A_{a_i}\right)_{\mathfrak{q}} \to A_{\mathfrak{m}} of the map A_{\mathfrak{m}} \to B'_{\mathfrak{q}}. Precomposing with B' \to B'_{\mathfrak{q}} we obtain a map B' \to A_{\mathfrak{m}} and hence a map B = B' \otimes_{A_f} A_{\mathfrak{m}} \to A_{\mathfrak{m}} that is a retraction of A_{\mathfrak{m}} \to B.

Definition1.7.4
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Let A be a ring. Denote by S(A) the set of finite subsets of faithfully flat étale A-algebras. We call the A-algebra T(A) = \colim_{E \in S(A)} \bigotimes_{B \in E} B the étale precontraction of A.

Lean code for Definition1.7.41 definition
  • defdefined in Proetale/Algebra/Contraction/Covers.lean
    complete
    def CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty.precontraction.{w, v, u} {C : Type u}
      [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C]
      (P : CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty C) (X : C)
      [CategoryTheory.EssentiallySmall.{w, v, max u v} (P.Over  X)]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasFiniteWidePullbacks C]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasLimit
          (CategoryTheory.FiniteFamilies.diag P X)] :
      CategoryTheory.Over X
    def CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty.precontraction.{w,
        v, u}
      {C : Type u}
      [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C]
      (P : CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty C)
      (X : C)
      [CategoryTheory.EssentiallySmall.{w, v,
            max u v}
          (P.Over  X)]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasFiniteWidePullbacks
          C]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasLimit
          (CategoryTheory.FiniteFamilies.diag
            P X)] :
      CategoryTheory.Over X
Lemma1.7.5
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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For every faithfully flat étale ring map A \to B, there exists an A-algebra map B \to T(A).

Lean code for Lemma1.7.51 definition
  • defdefined in Proetale/Algebra/Contraction/Covers.lean
    complete
    def CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty.Precontraction.π.{w, v, u} {C : Type u}
      [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C]
      (P : CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty C) (X : C)
      [CategoryTheory.EssentiallySmall.{w, v, max u v} (P.Over  X)]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasFiniteWidePullbacks C]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasLimit
          (CategoryTheory.FiniteFamilies.diag P X)]
      {Y : C} (f : Y  X) (hf : P f) :
      P.precontraction X  CategoryTheory.Over.mk f
    def CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty.Precontraction.π.{w,
        v, u}
      {C : Type u}
      [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C]
      (P : CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty C)
      (X : C)
      [CategoryTheory.EssentiallySmall.{w, v,
            max u v}
          (P.Over  X)]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasFiniteWidePullbacks
          C]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasLimit
          (CategoryTheory.FiniteFamilies.diag
            P X)]
      {Y : C} (f : Y  X) (hf : P f) :
      P.precontraction X 
        CategoryTheory.Over.mk f
Proof for Lemma 1.7.5
uses 0

\{B\} is an element of S(A), hence B itself is part of the diagram defining T(A).

Lemma1.7.6
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Let R be a commutative ring.

  • The forgetful functors from commutative R-algebras to R-algebras and from R-algebras to R-modules preserve filtered colimits.

  • The forgetful functor from commutative R-algebras to commutative rings preserves filtered colimits.

  • Tensoring on the left with an R-algebra preserves colimits on the category of commutative R-algebras.

Lean code for Lemma1.7.64 theorems
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Mathlib/Algebra/Category/CommAlgCat/Limits.lean
    complete
    theorem CommAlgCat.preservesColimitsOfShape_tensorLeft.{u, u_1, u_2}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] {J : Type u_1}
      [CategoryTheory.Category.{u_2, u_1} J] [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered J]
      (M : CommAlgCat R) :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesColimitsOfShape J
        (CategoryTheory.MonoidalCategory.tensorLeft M)
    theorem CommAlgCat.preservesColimitsOfShape_tensorLeft.{u,
        u_1, u_2}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] {J : Type u_1}
      [CategoryTheory.Category.{u_2, u_1} J]
      [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered J]
      (M : CommAlgCat R) :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesColimitsOfShape
        J
        (CategoryTheory.MonoidalCategory.tensorLeft
          M)
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Mathlib/Algebra/Category/CommAlgCat/Limits.lean
    complete
    theorem CommAlgCat.preservesFilteredColimitsOfSize_forget_commRingCat.{u}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesFilteredColimitsOfSize.{u, u, u, u,
          u + 1, u + 1}
        (CategoryTheory.forget₂ (CommAlgCat R) CommRingCat)
    theorem CommAlgCat.preservesFilteredColimitsOfSize_forget_commRingCat.{u}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesFilteredColimitsOfSize.{u,
          u, u, u, u + 1, u + 1}
        (CategoryTheory.forget₂ (CommAlgCat R)
          CommRingCat)
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Mathlib/Algebra/Category/CommAlgCat/Limits.lean
    complete
    theorem CommAlgCat.preservesFilteredColimitsOfSize_forget_algCat.{u}
      (R : Type u) [CommRing R] :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesFilteredColimitsOfSize.{u, u, u, u,
          u + 1, u + 1}
        (CategoryTheory.forget₂ (CommAlgCat R) (AlgCat R))
    theorem CommAlgCat.preservesFilteredColimitsOfSize_forget_algCat.{u}
      (R : Type u) [CommRing R] :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesFilteredColimitsOfSize.{u,
          u, u, u, u + 1, u + 1}
        (CategoryTheory.forget₂ (CommAlgCat R)
          (AlgCat R))
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Mathlib/Algebra/Category/CommAlgCat/Limits.lean
    complete
    theorem AlgCat.preservesFilteredColimitsOfSize_forget_moduleCat.{u} (R : Type u)
      [CommRing R] :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesFilteredColimitsOfSize.{u, u, u, u,
          u + 1, u + 1}
        (CategoryTheory.forget₂ (AlgCat R) (ModuleCat R))
    theorem AlgCat.preservesFilteredColimitsOfSize_forget_moduleCat.{u}
      (R : Type u) [CommRing R] :
      CategoryTheory.Limits.PreservesFilteredColimitsOfSize.{u,
          u, u, u, u + 1, u + 1}
        (CategoryTheory.forget₂ (AlgCat R)
          (ModuleCat R))
Lemma1.7.7
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Lemma 1.7.8
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Let B = \colim_i B_i be a filtered colimit of (faithfully) flat A-algebras. Then B is (faithfully) flat over A.

Lean code for Lemma1.7.78 theorems
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/FaithfullyFlat.lean
    complete
    theorem Module.Flat.of_colimitPresentation.{u} {R M : Type u} [CommRing R]
      [AddCommGroup M] [Module R M] {ι : Type u}
      [CategoryTheory.SmallCategory ι] [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered ι]
      (P : CategoryTheory.Limits.ColimitPresentation ι (ModuleCat.of R M))
      (h :  (i : ι), Module.Flat R (P.diag.obj i)) : Module.Flat R M
    theorem Module.Flat.of_colimitPresentation.{u}
      {R M : Type u} [CommRing R]
      [AddCommGroup M] [Module R M]
      {ι : Type u}
      [CategoryTheory.SmallCategory ι]
      [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered ι]
      (P :
        CategoryTheory.Limits.ColimitPresentation
          ι (ModuleCat.of R M))
      (h :
         (i : ι),
          Module.Flat R (P.diag.obj i)) :
      Module.Flat R M
    A module is flat if it can be written as a filtered colimit of flat modules. 
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/FaithfullyFlat.lean
    complete
    theorem Module.FaithfullyFlat.of_colimitPresentation.{u} {R : Type u}
      [CommRing R] {S : Type u} [CommRing S] [Algebra R S] {ι : Type u}
      [CategoryTheory.SmallCategory ι] [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered ι]
      (P : CategoryTheory.Limits.ColimitPresentation ι (CommAlgCat.of R S))
      (h :  (i : ι), Module.FaithfullyFlat R (P.diag.obj i)) :
      Module.FaithfullyFlat R S
    theorem Module.FaithfullyFlat.of_colimitPresentation.{u}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] {S : Type u}
      [CommRing S] [Algebra R S] {ι : Type u}
      [CategoryTheory.SmallCategory ι]
      [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered ι]
      (P :
        CategoryTheory.Limits.ColimitPresentation
          ι (CommAlgCat.of R S))
      (h :
         (i : ι),
          Module.FaithfullyFlat R
            (P.diag.obj i)) :
      Module.FaithfullyFlat R S
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/FaithfullyFlat.lean
    complete
    theorem Module.Flat.iff_ind_flat.{u} {R : Type u} [CommRing R] {S : Type u}
      [CommRing S] [Algebra R S] :
      Module.Flat R S  (CommAlgCat.flat R).ind (CommAlgCat.of R S)
    theorem Module.Flat.iff_ind_flat.{u} {R : Type u}
      [CommRing R] {S : Type u} [CommRing S]
      [Algebra R S] :
      Module.Flat R S 
        (CommAlgCat.flat R).ind
          (CommAlgCat.of R S)
    Flat is equivalent to ind-flat. 
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/FaithfullyFlat.lean
    complete
    theorem Module.FaithfullyFlat.iff_ind_faithfullyFlat.{u} {R : Type u}
      [CommRing R] {S : Type u} [CommRing S] [Algebra R S] :
      Module.FaithfullyFlat R S 
        (CommAlgCat.faithfullyFlat R).ind (CommAlgCat.of R S)
    theorem Module.FaithfullyFlat.iff_ind_faithfullyFlat.{u}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] {S : Type u}
      [CommRing S] [Algebra R S] :
      Module.FaithfullyFlat R S 
        (CommAlgCat.faithfullyFlat R).ind
          (CommAlgCat.of R S)
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/FaithfullyFlat.lean
    complete
    theorem RingHom.Flat.iff_ind_flat.{u} {R S : Type u} [CommRing R] [CommRing S]
      (f : R →+* S) : f.Flat  CommRingCat.flat.ind (CommRingCat.ofHom f)
    theorem RingHom.Flat.iff_ind_flat.{u}
      {R S : Type u} [CommRing R] [CommRing S]
      (f : R →+* S) :
      f.Flat 
        CommRingCat.flat.ind
          (CommRingCat.ofHom f)
    Flat is equivalent to ind-flat. 
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/FaithfullyFlat.lean
    complete
    theorem RingHom.FaithfullyFlat.iff_ind_faithfullyFlat.{u} {R S : Type u}
      [CommRing R] [CommRing S] (f : R →+* S) :
      f.FaithfullyFlat 
        CommRingCat.faithfullyFlat.ind (CommRingCat.ofHom f)
    theorem RingHom.FaithfullyFlat.iff_ind_faithfullyFlat.{u}
      {R S : Type u} [CommRing R] [CommRing S]
      (f : R →+* S) :
      f.FaithfullyFlat 
        CommRingCat.faithfullyFlat.ind
          (CommRingCat.ofHom f)
    Faithfully flat is equivalent to ind-(faithfully flat). 
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/FaithfullyFlat.lean
    complete
    theorem RingHom.Flat.of_isColimit.{u} {R S : CommRingCat} (f : R  S)
      (J : Type u) [CategoryTheory.SmallCategory J]
      [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered J]
      (D : CategoryTheory.Functor J CommRingCat)
      {t : (CategoryTheory.Functor.const J).obj R  D}
      {c : D  (CategoryTheory.Functor.const J).obj S}
      (hc : CategoryTheory.Limits.IsColimit { pt := S, ι := c })
      (htc :
         (i : J),
          (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (t.app i)).Flat 
            CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (t.app i) (c.app i) = f) :
      (CommRingCat.Hom.hom f).Flat
    theorem RingHom.Flat.of_isColimit.{u}
      {R S : CommRingCat} (f : R  S)
      (J : Type u)
      [CategoryTheory.SmallCategory J]
      [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered J]
      (D :
        CategoryTheory.Functor J CommRingCat)
      {t :
        (CategoryTheory.Functor.const J).obj
            R 
          D}
      {c :
        D 
          (CategoryTheory.Functor.const J).obj
            S}
      (hc :
        CategoryTheory.Limits.IsColimit
          { pt := S, ι := c })
      (htc :
         (i : J),
          (CommRingCat.Hom.hom
                (t.app i)).Flat 
            CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp
                (t.app i) (c.app i) =
              f) :
      (CommRingCat.Hom.hom f).Flat
    A ring map is flat if it can be written as a filtered colimit of flat ring maps. 
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/FaithfullyFlat.lean
    complete
    theorem RingHom.FaithfullyFlat.of_isColimit.{u} {R S : CommRingCat} (f : R  S)
      (J : Type u) [CategoryTheory.SmallCategory J]
      [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered J]
      (D : CategoryTheory.Functor J CommRingCat)
      {t : (CategoryTheory.Functor.const J).obj R  D}
      {c : D  (CategoryTheory.Functor.const J).obj S}
      (hc : CategoryTheory.Limits.IsColimit { pt := S, ι := c })
      (htc :
         (i : J),
          (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (t.app i)).FaithfullyFlat 
            CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp (t.app i) (c.app i) = f) :
      (CommRingCat.Hom.hom f).FaithfullyFlat
    theorem RingHom.FaithfullyFlat.of_isColimit.{u}
      {R S : CommRingCat} (f : R  S)
      (J : Type u)
      [CategoryTheory.SmallCategory J]
      [CategoryTheory.IsFiltered J]
      (D :
        CategoryTheory.Functor J CommRingCat)
      {t :
        (CategoryTheory.Functor.const J).obj
            R 
          D}
      {c :
        D 
          (CategoryTheory.Functor.const J).obj
            S}
      (hc :
        CategoryTheory.Limits.IsColimit
          { pt := S, ι := c })
      (htc :
         (i : J),
          (CommRingCat.Hom.hom
                (t.app i)).FaithfullyFlat 
            CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp
                (t.app i) (c.app i) =
              f) :
      (CommRingCat.Hom.hom f).FaithfullyFlat
    A ring hom is faithfully flat if it can be written as a colimit of faithfully flat ring maps. 
Proof for Lemma 1.7.7

Because colimits commute with tensor products, ind-flat is flat. One also checks that pro-surjective is surjective, hence the claim.

Lemma1.7.8
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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T(A) is ind-étale and faithfully flat over A.

Lean code for Lemma1.7.81 theorem
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/Contraction/Covers.lean
    complete
    theorem CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty.pro_precontraction_hom.{w, v, u}
      {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C]
      (P : CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty C) (X : C)
      [CategoryTheory.EssentiallySmall.{w, v, max u v} (P.Over  X)]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasFiniteWidePullbacks C]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasLimit
          (CategoryTheory.FiniteFamilies.diag P X)]
      [P.IsMultiplicative] [P.IsStableUnderBaseChange] :
      P.pro (P.precontraction X).hom
    theorem CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty.pro_precontraction_hom.{w,
        v, u}
      {C : Type u}
      [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C]
      (P : CategoryTheory.MorphismProperty C)
      (X : C)
      [CategoryTheory.EssentiallySmall.{w, v,
            max u v}
          (P.Over  X)]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasFiniteWidePullbacks
          C]
      [CategoryTheory.Limits.HasLimit
          (CategoryTheory.FiniteFamilies.diag
            P X)]
      [P.IsMultiplicative]
      [P.IsStableUnderBaseChange] :
      P.pro (P.precontraction X).hom
Proof for Lemma 1.7.8

For every E \in S(A), the A-algebra \bigotimes_{B \in E} B is étale and faithfully flat. Hence the result follows from the definition of ind-étale and Lemma 1.7.7.

Definition1.7.9
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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L∃∀N

Let A be a ring. Set T^0(A) = A and for n \in \N set T^{n+1}(A) = T(T^n(A)). We call the A-algebra T^{\infty}(A) = \colim_{n \in \N} T^n(A) the étale contraction of A.

Lean code for Definition1.7.91 definition
  • defdefined in Proetale/Algebra/ProEtaleContraction.lean
    complete
    def IndEtaleContraction.{u} (R : Type u) [CommRing R] : Type u
    def IndEtaleContraction.{u} (R : Type u)
      [CommRing R] : Type u
    The étale ind-contraction of a ring. This is defined
    to be the contraction wrt. to the morphism property of étale ring homomorphisms. 
Lemma1.7.10
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.4.1
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T^{\infty}(A) is ind-étale and faithfully flat over A.

Lean code for Lemma1.7.102 theorems
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/ProEtaleContraction.lean
    complete
    theorem faithfullyFlat_indEtaleContraction.{u} {R : Type u} [CommRing R] :
      Module.FaithfullyFlat R (IndEtaleContraction R)
    theorem faithfullyFlat_indEtaleContraction.{u}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] :
      Module.FaithfullyFlat R
        (IndEtaleContraction R)
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/ProEtaleContraction.lean
    complete
    theorem indEtale_indEtaleContraction.{u} {R : Type u} [CommRing R] :
      Algebra.IndEtale R (IndEtaleContraction R)
    theorem indEtale_indEtaleContraction.{u}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] :
      Algebra.IndEtale R
        (IndEtaleContraction R)
    The ind-contraction of `R` is ind-étale over `R`. 
Proof for Lemma 1.7.10
Proof uses 3
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Lemma 1.4.4
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This follows from Lemma 1.7.8, Lemma 1.7.7 and Lemma 1.4.4.

Proposition1.7.11
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Let T^{\infty}(A) \to B be a faithfully flat and étale ring map. Then it has a retraction. (Stacks Project, Tag 097R)

Lean code for Proposition1.7.111 theorem
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/ProEtaleContraction.lean
    complete
    theorem RingHom.Etale.exists_comp_eq_id_indContraction.{u} {R : Type u}
      [CommRing R] {S : Type u} [CommRing S]
      (f : IndEtaleContraction R →+* S) (hf : f.Etale)
      (hf' : Function.Surjective (PrimeSpectrum.comap f)) :
       g, g.comp f = RingHom.id (IndEtaleContraction R)
    theorem RingHom.Etale.exists_comp_eq_id_indContraction.{u}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] {S : Type u}
      [CommRing S]
      (f : IndEtaleContraction R →+* S)
      (hf : f.Etale)
      (hf' :
        Function.Surjective
          (PrimeSpectrum.comap f)) :
       g,
        g.comp f =
          RingHom.id (IndEtaleContraction R)
    Any étale ring homomorphism `IndEtaleContraction R →+* S` has a retraction. 
Proof for Proposition 1.7.11
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Lemma 1.1.37
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By Lemma 1.1.37 there exists n \in \N and a faithfully flat, étale T^n(A)-algebra B' such that B = T^{\infty}(A) \otimes_{T^n(A)} B'. By Lemma 1.7.5, there exists a map B' \to T^{n+1}(A). The identity of T^{\infty}(A) and the composition B' \to T^{n+1}(A) \to T^{\infty}(A) now induce a retraction B = T^{\infty}(A) \otimes_{T^n(A)} B' \to T^{\infty}(A).

Corollary1.7.12
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Let \mathfrak{m} be a maximal ideal of T^{\infty}(A). Then T^{\infty}(A)_{\mathfrak{m}} is strictly Henselian.

Proof for Corollary 1.7.12
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Lemma 1.7.3
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This follows from Proposition 1.7.11 and Lemma 1.7.3.

Lemma1.7.13
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Let k be a field and A an ind-étale, local k-algebra. Then A is a separable algebraic field extension of k.

Lean code for Lemma1.7.131 theorem
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/IndEtale.lean
    complete
    theorem Algebra.IndEtale.isSeparable.{u} (R : Type u) [CommRing R] (k : Type u)
      [Field k] [Algebra k R] [Algebra.IndEtale k R] [IsLocalRing R] :
      Algebra.IsSeparable k R
    theorem Algebra.IndEtale.isSeparable.{u}
      (R : Type u) [CommRing R] (k : Type u)
      [Field k] [Algebra k R]
      [Algebra.IndEtale k R] [IsLocalRing R] :
      Algebra.IsSeparable k R
Proof for Lemma 1.7.13
uses 0

Let A = \colim_i A_i such that A_i is an étale k-algebra for all i. Let \mathfrak{m} be the maximal ideal of A. Since localization commutes with colimits, we obtain A = A_{\mathfrak{m}} = \colim_i (A_i)_{\mathfrak{m}_i} where \mathfrak{m}_i is the restriction of \mathfrak{m} to A_i. Since A_i is étale over k, it is a finite product of finite separable extensions of k, hence (A_i)_{\mathfrak{m}_i} is a finite separable extension of k. Since a filtered colimit of finite separable extensions is an algebraic separable extension, we conclude.

Proposition1.7.14
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Let f \colon A \to B be ind-étale. Then f induces separable algebraic extensions on residue fields.

Lean code for Proposition1.7.141 theorem
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/IndEtale.lean
    complete
    theorem Algebra.IndEtale.isSeparable_residueField.{u} (R S : Type u)
      [CommRing R] [CommRing S] [Algebra R S] [Algebra.IndEtale R S]
      (p : Ideal R) (q : Ideal S) [q.LiesOver p] [p.IsPrime] [q.IsPrime]
      [Algebra (Localization.AtPrime p) (Localization.AtPrime q)]
      [Localization.AtPrime.IsLiesOverAlgebra p q] :
      Algebra.IsSeparable p.ResidueField q.ResidueField
    theorem Algebra.IndEtale.isSeparable_residueField.{u}
      (R S : Type u) [CommRing R] [CommRing S]
      [Algebra R S] [Algebra.IndEtale R S]
      (p : Ideal R) (q : Ideal S)
      [q.LiesOver p] [p.IsPrime] [q.IsPrime]
      [Algebra (Localization.AtPrime p)
          (Localization.AtPrime q)]
      [Localization.AtPrime.IsLiesOverAlgebra
          p q] :
      Algebra.IsSeparable p.ResidueField
        q.ResidueField
    An ind-étale ring extension `R → S` induces a separable extension `κ(p) → κ(q)` on
    residue fields, for any pair of primes `q ∈ Spec S` lying over `p ∈ Spec R`. 
Proof for Proposition 1.7.14

Let \mathfrak{q} be a prime ideal of B lying over \mathfrak{p} \subseteq A. Write B = \colim_i B_i as a filtered colimit of étale A-algebras. Every element s \in B lifts to some s_i \in B_i, and the composition \kappa(\mathfrak{p}) \otimes_A B_i \to \kappa(\mathfrak{q}) is an algebra homomorphism from the étale \kappa(\mathfrak{p})-algebra \kappa(\mathfrak{p}) \otimes_A B_i to the local ring \kappa(\mathfrak{q}), so by Lemma 1.7.13 the image of s in \kappa(\mathfrak{q}) is separable over \kappa(\mathfrak{p}). A general element of \kappa(\mathfrak{q}) is a ratio of two such images, and separability passes to ratios via the separable closure.

Proposition1.7.15
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.4.1
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For any ring A, there exists an ind-étale faithfully flat A-algebra B with B w-strictly local. (Stacks Project, Tag 097X)

By Lemma 1.6.21, the ring A_w is w-local, so the set of closed points of \spec{A_w} is closed. Let I be the radical ideal of A_w such that V(I) is the set of closed points of \spec{A_w}. Set B' = T^{\infty}(A_w). By Corollary 1.7.12, the local ring B'_{\mathfrak{m}} is strictly henselian for every maximal ideal \mathfrak{m} of B'. The map A_w \to B' induces algebraic extensions on residue fields at primes by Lemma 1.7.10 and Proposition 1.7.14, so applying Definition 1.6.30 and Lemma 1.6.34 to A_w \to B', we obtain an ind-Zariski ring map B' \to B such that B'/IB' \to B/IB is an isomorphism, V(IB) is the set of closed points of \spec{B}, B is w-local and A_w \to B' \to B is faithfully flat by Lemma 1.6.35. Since ind-Zariski maps identify local rings by Lemma 1.2.2 and every closed point of \spec{B} maps to a closed point of \spec{B'}, the local rings at maximal ideals of B are strictly Henselian. Hence B is w-strictly local.

It remains to verify that the composition A \to A_w \to B' \to B is ind-étale and faithfully flat. This follows because both ind-étale and faithfully flat are stable under composition.

By following all constructions, we may choose B as ((T^{\infty}(A_w))_w)_{\widetilde{V(I ((T^{\infty}(A_w))_w))}} where I is the radical ideal of A_w defining the closed points of \spec{A_w}.

One may ask why T^\infty(A)_w does not work. The reason for this is that the map \spec{T^{\infty}(A)_w} \to \spec{T^{\infty}(A)} does not necessarily map closed points to closed points. If A is already w-local, we can eliminate the points mapping to non-closed points by taking I to be the ideal defining the closed points of \spec{A}. Then V(I T^{\infty}(A)) only contains closed points and by passing to the generalization of the preimage of V(I T^{\infty}(A)) in \spec{T^{\infty}(A)_w}, we obtain the desired affine scheme. If A is not w-local, we may replace A by A_w in this process and obtain the result.

Definition1.7.16
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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L∃∀N

Let A be a ring, X = \Spec(A), and T \subset \pi_0(X). Define the ring A_T by A_T := \colim_{W} A_W, where W runs over all open and closed subsets of X containing the inverse image Z of T, and A \to A_W is the localization of A at W. (Stacks Project, Tag 097C)

Lean code for Definition1.7.163 definitions
  • defdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    def WContractification.RestrictClopen.map.{u} {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      {W₁ W₂ : TopologicalSpace.Clopens (PrimeSpectrum A)} (h : W₁  W₂) :
      WContractification.RestrictClopen W₂ →ₐ[A]
        WContractification.RestrictClopen W₁
    def WContractification.RestrictClopen.map.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      {W₁ W₂ :
        TopologicalSpace.Clopens
          (PrimeSpectrum A)}
      (h : W₁  W₂) :
      WContractification.RestrictClopen
          W₂ →ₐ[A]
        WContractification.RestrictClopen W₁
  • defdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    def WContractification.Restriction.diag.{u} {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      (T : Set (ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      CategoryTheory.Functor { W // ConnectedComponents.mk ⁻¹' T  W }ᵒᵖ
        (CommAlgCat A)
    def WContractification.Restriction.diag.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      (T :
        Set
          (ConnectedComponents
            (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      CategoryTheory.Functor
        { W //
            ConnectedComponents.mk ⁻¹' T 
              W }ᵒᵖ
        (CommAlgCat A)
  • defdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    def WContractification.Restriction.{u} {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      (T : Set (ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum A))) : Type u
    def WContractification.Restriction.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      (T :
        Set
          (ConnectedComponents
            (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      Type u
Lemma1.7.17
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Lemma 1.7.19
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L∃∀N

Let A be a ring, X = \Spec(A), and T \subset \pi_0(X) a closed subset. Then the map A \to A_T from Definition 1.7.16 is a surjective ind-Zariski ring map, and the induced morphism \Spec(A_T) \to \Spec(A) restricts to a homeomorphism of \Spec(A_T) onto the inverse image of T in X. (Stacks Project, Tag 097C)

Lean code for Lemma1.7.174 theorems
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    theorem WContractification.Restriction.indZariski.{u} {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      (T : Set (ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      Algebra.IndZariski A (WContractification.Restriction T)
    theorem WContractification.Restriction.indZariski.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      (T :
        Set
          (ConnectedComponents
            (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      Algebra.IndZariski A
        (WContractification.Restriction T)
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    theorem WContractification.Restriction.algebraMap_surjective.{u} {A : Type u}
      [CommRing A] (T : Set (ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      Function.Surjective (algebraMap A (WContractification.Restriction T))
    theorem WContractification.Restriction.algebraMap_surjective.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      (T :
        Set
          (ConnectedComponents
            (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      Function.Surjective
        (algebraMap A
            (WContractification.Restriction
              T))
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    theorem WContractification.Restriction.range_algebraMap_specComap.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      {T : Set (ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum A))} (h : IsClosed T) :
      Set.range
          (PrimeSpectrum.comap
            (algebraMap A (WContractification.Restriction T))) =
        ConnectedComponents.mk ⁻¹' T
    theorem WContractification.Restriction.range_algebraMap_specComap.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      {T :
        Set
          (ConnectedComponents
            (PrimeSpectrum A))}
      (h : IsClosed T) :
      Set.range
          (PrimeSpectrum.comap
            (algebraMap A
              (WContractification.Restriction
                T))) =
        ConnectedComponents.mk ⁻¹' T
    The image of `Spec(Restriction T) → Spec A` is the preimage of `T` under the projection
    `Spec A → π₀(Spec A)`, whenever `T` is closed. 
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    theorem WContractification.Restriction.isClosedEmbedding_algebraMap_specComap.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      {T : Set (ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum A))} :
      Topology.IsClosedEmbedding
        (PrimeSpectrum.comap
          (algebraMap A (WContractification.Restriction T)))
    theorem WContractification.Restriction.isClosedEmbedding_algebraMap_specComap.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      {T :
        Set
          (ConnectedComponents
            (PrimeSpectrum A))} :
      Topology.IsClosedEmbedding
        (PrimeSpectrum.comap
          (algebraMap A
            (WContractification.Restriction
              T)))
    The map `Spec(Restriction T) → Spec A` is a closed embedding. 
Proof for Lemma 1.7.17

Each A \to A_W is a localization at an idempotent. Passing to filtered colimits, A \to A_T is surjective and ind-Zariski.

When T is closed, its inverse image Z is a closed union of connected components. By Lemma 1.1.16, we have Z = \bigcap_{Z \subseteq W,\ W \text{ open and closed}} W. Thus, \Spec(A_T) = \varprojlim_W W is homeomorphic to Z via the natural map.

In the following series of constructions, we will modify the connected components of a spectrum to match a given profinite space as in (Stacks Project, Tag 097D).

Definition1.7.18
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Lemma 1.7.19
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L∃∀N

Let A be a ring and let X = \Spec (A). Let T be a profinite space and let f : T \to \pi_0(X) be a continuous map. Let S be a finite discrete quotient of T with quotient map q : T \to S. Define the ring A^f_{q} as follows: let Z = \operatorname{Im} (T \to \pi_0(X) \times S = \pi_0(\Spec (A^{S}))), where A^{S} = \prod_{s \in S} A, and let A^f_{q} := (A^{S})_{Z} be the A^S-algebra as in Definition 1.7.16.

Lean code for Definition1.7.181 definition
  • defdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    def WContractification.Pullback.{u, u_1} {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      {T : Type u_1} [TopologicalSpace T] [CompactSpace T]
      (S : DiscreteQuotient T)
      (f : C(T, ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum A))) : Type (max u u_1)
    def WContractification.Pullback.{u, u_1}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A] {T : Type u_1}
      [TopologicalSpace T] [CompactSpace T]
      (S : DiscreteQuotient T)
      (f :
        C(T,
          ConnectedComponents
            (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      Type (max u u_1)
Lemma1.7.19
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Lemma 1.7.21
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L∃∀N

Let A be a ring and let X = \Spec (A). Let T be a profinite space and let f : T \to \pi_0(X) be a continuous map. Let S be a finite discrete quotient of T with quotient map q : T \to S. Then the A^S-algebra defined in Definition 1.7.18 viewed as A-algebra through A \to A^S \to A^f_{q} is ind-Zariski. In particular, it identifies local rings. The map A^S \to A^f_{q} induces a homeomorphism of \Spec (A^f_{q}) onto (X \times S) \times_{\pi_0(X) \times S} Z = X \times_{\pi_0(X)} Z.

Lean code for Lemma1.7.192 theorems
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    theorem WContractification.Pullback.indZariski.{u} {A : Type u} [CommRing A]
      {T : Type u} [TopologicalSpace T] [CompactSpace T]
      (S : DiscreteQuotient T)
      (f : C(T, ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      Algebra.IndZariski A (WContractification.Pullback S f)
    theorem WContractification.Pullback.indZariski.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A] {T : Type u}
      [TopologicalSpace T] [CompactSpace T]
      (S : DiscreteQuotient T)
      (f :
        C(T,
          ConnectedComponents
            (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      Algebra.IndZariski A
        (WContractification.Pullback S f)
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    theorem WContractification.Pullback.bijectiveOnStalks_algebraMap.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A] {T : Type u} [TopologicalSpace T]
      [CompactSpace T] (S : DiscreteQuotient T)
      (f : C(T, ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      (algebraMap A (WContractification.Pullback S f)).BijectiveOnStalks
    theorem WContractification.Pullback.bijectiveOnStalks_algebraMap.{u}
      {A : Type u} [CommRing A] {T : Type u}
      [TopologicalSpace T] [CompactSpace T]
      (S : DiscreteQuotient T)
      (f :
        C(T,
          ConnectedComponents
            (PrimeSpectrum A))) :
      (algebraMap A
          (WContractification.Pullback S
            f)).BijectiveOnStalks
Proof for Lemma 1.7.19
Proof uses 4
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The map A \to A^S is ind-Zariski by Lemma 1.2.5 and A^S \to A^f_{q} is also ind-Zariski by Lemma 1.7.17. The composition A \to A^f_{q} is therefore ind-Zariski as well by Lemma 1.2.6. By Lemma 1.2.2, A \to A^f_{q} identifies local rings. The last sentence is a direct consequence of Lemma 1.7.17.

Definition1.7.20
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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XL∃∀N

Let A be a ring and let X = \Spec (A). Let T be a profinite space and let f : T \to \pi_0(X) be a continuous map. Let S and S' be finite discrete spaces and let q : T \to S and q' : T \to S' be quotient maps. Let g : S' \to S be a map such that q = g \circ q'. Let Z \subseteq \pi_0(\Spec (A^{S})) \times S and Z' \subseteq \pi_0(\Spec (A^{S'})) \times S' be the images of T under the maps induced by q and q' respectively. Then g induces a map Z' \to Z and a map \tilde{g} : \Spec (A^{f}_{q'}) \cong X \times_{\pi_0(X)} Z' \to X \times_{\pi_0(X)} Z \cong \Spec (A^{f}_{q}).

Since both maps A \to A^f_{q} and A \to A^{f}_{q'} identify local rings, by the bijection in Definition 1.1.35 we can find a transition ring map t_{g}: A^f_{q} \to A^{f}_{q'} that induces the topological map \tilde{g} between the spectra.

Lemma1.7.21
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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uses 1used by 1XL∃∀N

Let A be a ring and let X = \Spec (A). Let T be a profinite space and let f : T \to \pi_0(X) be a continuous map. Let S, S' and S'' be finite discrete spaces and let q : T \to S, q' : T \to S' and q'' : T \to S'' be quotient maps. Let g : S' \to S and g' : S'' \to S' be maps such that q = g \circ q' and q' = g' \circ q''. Then the transition maps defined in Definition 1.7.20 satisfy t_{g'} \circ t_{g} = t_{g \circ g'}.

Proof for Lemma 1.7.21
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Both maps t_{g'} \circ t_{g} and t_{g \circ g'} induce the same topological map between the spectra by construction. Since all maps involved identify local rings by Lemma 1.7.19, by fully faithfulness in Definition 1.1.35 we conclude that they are equal.

Definition1.7.22
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Lemma 1.7.23
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XL∃∀N

Let A be a ring and let X = \Spec (A). Let T be a profinite space and let T \to \pi_0(X) be a continuous map. Write T = \lim T_i as the limit of an inverse system of finite discrete spaces over a directed set. Define the ring A^f_{\pi_0} as follows: A^f_{\pi_0} := \colim_{(T \to T_i)} A^f_{q_i}, where q_i : T \to T_i are the quotient maps and A^f_{q_i} are the rings defined in Definition 1.7.18 and the transition maps are those defined in Definition 1.7.20. By Lemma 1.7.21 the transition maps are compatible, thus the colimit is well-defined. (Stacks Project, Tag 097D)

Lemma1.7.23
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Definition 1.2.1
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used by 1XL∃∀N

Let A be a ring and let X = \Spec (A). Let T be a profinite space and let T \to \pi_0(X) be a continuous map. Then the A-algebra A^f_{\pi_0} defined in Definition 1.7.22 is ind-Zariski. Let Y = \Spec (A^f_{\pi_0}). Then \pi_0(Y) \cong T and the diagram \begin{CD} Y @>>> T \\ @VVV @VVV \\ X @>>> \pi_0(X) \end{CD} is cartesian in the category of topological spaces. (Stacks Project, Tag 097D)

Proof for Lemma 1.7.23
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Lemma 1.1.26
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By Lemma 1.7.19 we see that each A \to A^f_{q_i} is ind-Zariski, thus A^f_{\pi_0} is ind-Zariski by Lemma 1.2.4. We have a canonical cartesian diagram \begin{CD} \Spec (A^f_{q_i}) @>>> Z_i \\ @VVV @VVV \\ X @>>> \pi_0(X) \end{CD} for every i. Because T = \lim Z_i and Y = \Spec (A^f_{\pi_0}) = \lim \Spec (A^f_{q_i}), the space Y fits into the cartesian diagram \begin{CD} Y @>>> T \\ @VVV @VVV \\ X @>>> \pi_0(X) \end{CD} of topological spaces. By Lemma 1.1.26 we conclude that T = \pi_0(Y).

Lemma1.7.24
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Definition 1.1.1
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used by 1XL∃∀N

Let A be a ring. If the following two conditions hold:

  1. A is w-local, and

  2. \pi_0(\operatorname{Spec}(A)) is extremally disconnected.

Then every faithfully flat ring map A \to B identifying local rings with B w-local and whose closed points of \Spec (B) are exactly V(IB) has a retraction. (Stacks Project, Tag 09AZ, second part in the proof of (3) ⟹ (1))

Let A \to B be faithfully flat and identifying local rings, with B w-local and whose closed points of \Spec (B) are exactly V(IB). We will show that A \to B has a retraction.

Choose a continuous section to the surjective continuous map V(IB) \to V(I). This is possible because V(I) = \Spec(A)^c \cong \pi_0(\Spec(A)) (by Lemma 1.5.16) is extremally disconnected, see Theorem 1.1.2. The image is a closed subspace T \subset \pi_0(\Spec(B)) \cong V(IB) (being the continuous image of the quasi-compact space V(I)) that maps homeomorphically onto \pi_0(\Spec(A)).

Let B \to B_T be the ring map from Definition 1.7.16, which is surjective and ind-Zariski by Lemma 1.7.17. It also induces a homeomorphism \pi_0(\Spec(B_T)) \cong T \cong \pi_0(\Spec(A)). Moreover, by Lemma 1.6.3, B_T is w-local and B \to B_T is w-local. Since ind-Zariski maps identify local rings (Lemma 1.2.2), the composition A \to B \to B_T remains w-local (Lemma 1.5.4) and identifies local rings (Lemma 1.1.31). Therefore, by Lemma 1.6.6, A \to B_T is an isomorphism.