Pro-étale cohomology

1.8. w-contractible rings🔗

Definition1.8.1
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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A ring A is w-contractible if it is w-strictly local and \pi_0(\spec{A}) is extremally disconnected. (Bhatt–Scholze, Definition 2.4.1)

Lean code for Definition1.8.11 definition
  • class(extends 2, 3 methods)defined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    class IsWContractibleRing.{u_1} (R : Type u_1) [CommRing R] : Prop
    class IsWContractibleRing.{u_1} (R : Type u_1)
      [CommRing R] : Prop
    A ring `R` is w-contractible if it is w-strictly-local and the space of connected components
    of `Spec R` is extremally disconnected. 

    Extends

    • IsWStrictlyLocalRing R

    Methods

    wLocalSpace_primeSepectrum : WLocalSpace (PrimeSpectrum R)
    Inherited from
    1. IsWStrictlyLocalRing
    2. IsWLocalRing
    isStrictlyHenselianLocalRing_localization :  (m : Ideal R) [inst : m.IsMaximal], IsStrictlyHenselianLocalRing (Localization.AtPrime m)
    Inherited from
    1. IsWStrictlyLocalRing
    extremallyDisconnected_connectedComponents : ExtremallyDisconnected (ConnectedComponents (PrimeSpectrum R))

We will see that if a ring A is w-contractible, every faithfully flat, ind-étale map A \to B has a retraction. To show this we will perform a series of reductions.

Lemma1.8.2
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Let A be w-contractible and I \subseteq A an ideal cutting out the set X^c of closed points in X = \spec{A}. Then every faithfully flat ind-étale map A \to B with B w-local and whose closed points of \Spec (B) are exactly V(IB) has a retraction.

Lean code for Lemma1.8.21 theorem, incomplete
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    contains sorry
    theorem IsWContractibleRing.exists_retraction_of_zeroLocus_map_eq_closedPoints.{u}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R] [IsWContractibleRing R] {I : Ideal R}
      (hI : PrimeSpectrum.zeroLocus I = closedPoints (PrimeSpectrum R))
      {S : Type u} [CommRing S] [Algebra R S] [Algebra.IndEtale R S]
      [Module.FaithfullyFlat R S] [IsWLocalRing S]
      (hS :
        PrimeSpectrum.zeroLocus (Ideal.map (algebraMap R S) I) =
          closedPoints (PrimeSpectrum S)) :
       f, f.comp (algebraMap R S) = RingHom.id R
    theorem IsWContractibleRing.exists_retraction_of_zeroLocus_map_eq_closedPoints.{u}
      {R : Type u} [CommRing R]
      [IsWContractibleRing R] {I : Ideal R}
      (hI :
        PrimeSpectrum.zeroLocus I =
          closedPoints (PrimeSpectrum R))
      {S : Type u} [CommRing S] [Algebra R S]
      [Algebra.IndEtale R S]
      [Module.FaithfullyFlat R S]
      [IsWLocalRing S]
      (hS :
        PrimeSpectrum.zeroLocus
            (Ideal.map (algebraMap R S) I) =
          closedPoints (PrimeSpectrum S)) :
       f,
        f.comp (algebraMap R S) = RingHom.id R
    Let `R` be a w-contractible ring and `I` an ideal of `R` cutting out the set `X^c` of closed
    points in `Spec R`. Then every faithfully flat ind-étale map `R →+* S` with `S` w-local and
    whose closed points of `Spec S` are exactly `V(IB)` has a retraction.
    
Proof for Lemma 1.8.2
Proof uses 3
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Let A \to B be a faithfully flat ind-étale map with B w-local and such that the closed points of \Spec(B) are exactly V(IB). In this case, A \to B identifies local rings. To justify this, it suffices to check the condition at the maximal ideals of B, which lie over maximal ideals of A since they map to V(I) = (\Spec(A))^c. Since A is w-strictly local, the local rings of A at its maximal ideals are strictly Henselian.

Now fix a maximal ideal \mathfrak{n} of B and let \mathfrak{m} = \mathfrak{n} \cap A be its preimage in A, which is a maximal ideal. By base change to A_{\mathfrak{m}} and applying Lemma 1.4.3, we reduce to the case where B is ind-étale over a strictly Henselian local ring A, with a maximal ideal \mathfrak{n} lying over the maximal ideal \mathfrak{m} of A. We then want to show B_{\mathfrak{n}} \cong A. This follows from Lemma 1.7.2.

Having established that A \to B identifies local rings, we conclude by Lemma 1.7.24 that it admits a retraction.

Proposition1.8.3
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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If A is w-contractible, every ind-étale, faithfully flat map A \to B has a retraction. (Stacks Project, Tag 0982, (3) ⟹ (2))

Lean code for Proposition1.8.31 theorem
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    theorem IsWContractibleRing.exists_retraction.{u} (R : Type u) [CommRing R]
      [IsWContractibleRing R] (S : Type u) [CommRing S] [Algebra R S]
      [Algebra.IndEtale R S] [Module.FaithfullyFlat R S] :
       f, f.comp (algebraMap R S) = RingHom.id R
    theorem IsWContractibleRing.exists_retraction.{u}
      (R : Type u) [CommRing R]
      [IsWContractibleRing R] (S : Type u)
      [CommRing S] [Algebra R S]
      [Algebra.IndEtale R S]
      [Module.FaithfullyFlat R S] :
       f,
        f.comp (algebraMap R S) = RingHom.id R
    If `R` is w-contractible, every faithfully flat, ind-étale map `R →+* S` has a retraction. 

With Lemma 1.8.2, it suffices to reduce to the case that B is furthermore w-local and the closed points of \Spec (B) are exactly V(IB).

Let A \to B be faithfully flat and ind-étale. We may replace B by the ring C = B_{w, IB} (see Definition 1.6.30). To justify this, note that the map A \to C is faithfully flat by Lemma 1.6.35 and B \to C is ind-Zariski by Lemma 1.6.32, thus ind-étale by Lemma 1.4.5. Therefore, by Lemma 1.4.2, the composition A \to C is also ind-étale. Hence, we may assume \Spec (B) is w-local such that the set of closed points of \Spec (B) is V(IB) by parts (2) and (4) of Lemma 1.6.34.

Lemma1.8.4
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Definition 1.4.1
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If a ring C is w-strictly local, then there exists an ind-Zariski faithfully flat C-algebra D with D w-contractible.

Lean code for Lemma1.8.41 theorem, incomplete
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    contains sorry
    theorem exists_isWContractibleRing_of_isWStrictlyLocal.{u} (R : Type u)
      [CommRing R] [IsWStrictlyLocalRing R] :
       S x x_1,
        Algebra.IndZariski R S 
          Module.FaithfullyFlat R S  IsWContractibleRing S
    theorem exists_isWContractibleRing_of_isWStrictlyLocal.{u}
      (R : Type u) [CommRing R]
      [IsWStrictlyLocalRing R] :
       S x x_1,
        Algebra.IndZariski R S 
          Module.FaithfullyFlat R S 
            IsWContractibleRing S
    Any w-strictly-local ring has an ind-Zariski, faithfully flat cover that is w-contractible. 
Proof for Lemma 1.8.4

Choose an extremally disconnected space T and a surjective continuous map T \to \pi_0(\operatorname{Spec}(C)) by Proposition 1.1.5. (T can be chosen as \beta((\pi_0(\operatorname{Spec}(C)))^{\mathrm{disc}}).) Note that T is profinite. By Lemma 1.7.23, Definition 1.7.22 gives an ind-Zariski ring map C \to D such that \pi_0(\Spec (D)) \to \pi_0(\Spec (C)) realizes T \to \pi_0(\Spec (C)) and such that \begin{CD} \operatorname{Spec}(D) @>>> \pi_0(\operatorname{Spec}(D)) \\ @VVV @VVV \\ \operatorname{Spec}(C) @>>> \pi_0(\operatorname{Spec}(C)) \end{CD} is cartesian in the category of topological spaces.

Following Lemma 1.5.17, we note that \Spec (D) is w-local, that \Spec (D) \to \Spec (C) is w-local, and that the set of closed points of \Spec (D) is the inverse image of the set of closed points of \Spec (C).

Thus it is still true that the local rings of D at its maximal ideals are strictly henselian (as they are isomorphic to the local rings at the corresponding maximal ideals of C by Lemma 1.2.2). Hence D is w-contractible.

Theorem1.8.5
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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Definition 1.1.1
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Definition 1.4.1
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For any ring A, there exists an ind-étale faithfully flat A-algebra D with D w-contractible. (Bhatt–Scholze, Theorem 2.4.9; Stacks Project, Tag 0983)

Lean code for Theorem1.8.51 theorem
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    theorem exists_isWContractibleRing.{u} (R : Type u) [CommRing R] :
       S x x_1,
        Algebra.IndEtale R S 
          Module.FaithfullyFlat R S  IsWContractibleRing S
    theorem exists_isWContractibleRing.{u}
      (R : Type u) [CommRing R] :
       S x x_1,
        Algebra.IndEtale R S 
          Module.FaithfullyFlat R S 
            IsWContractibleRing S
    Any ring has an ind-étale, faithfully flat cover that is w-contractible. 
Proof for Theorem 1.8.5
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Proposition 1.7.15
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This is a combination of Proposition 1.7.15 and Lemma 1.8.4.

Corollary1.8.6
Group: Topological and ring-theoretic preliminaries on w-local spaces and w-local, w-strictly local and w-contractible rings, following Section 2 of Bhatt–Scholze and the Stacks Project. (136)
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For any ring A, there exists an ind-étale faithfully flat A-algebra B such that every ind-étale faithfully flat map B \to C has a retraction.

Lean code for Corollary1.8.61 theorem
  • theoremdefined in Proetale/Algebra/WContractible.lean
    complete
    theorem exists_forall_exists_retraction.{u} (R : Type u) [CommRing R] :
       S x x_1,
        Algebra.IndEtale R S 
          Module.FaithfullyFlat R S 
             (T : Type u) [inst : CommRing T] [inst_1 : Algebra S T]
              [Algebra.IndEtale S T] [Module.FaithfullyFlat S T],
               f, f.comp (algebraMap S T) = RingHom.id S
    theorem exists_forall_exists_retraction.{u}
      (R : Type u) [CommRing R] :
       S x x_1,
        Algebra.IndEtale R S 
          Module.FaithfullyFlat R S 
             (T : Type u) [inst : CommRing T]
              [inst_1 : Algebra S T]
              [Algebra.IndEtale S T]
              [Module.FaithfullyFlat S T],
               f,
                f.comp (algebraMap S T) =
                  RingHom.id S
    Any ring has an ind-étale, faithfully flat cover for which every ind-étale
    faithfully flat cover splits. 
Proof for Corollary 1.8.6
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Proposition 1.8.3
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This follows from Theorem 1.8.5 and Proposition 1.8.3.